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Latest posts

Natural Language Processing

Information Retrieval Fundamentals: The Theory Every RAG System Is Built On

Before you build a retriever, understand what it's actually doing. A grounded walkthrough of IR fundamentals — relevance, precision, recall, TF-IDF, BM25, and the lexical-vs-semantic divide.

Aug 3, 2026 11 min read Read article →
Natural Language Processing

Introduction to RAG: What It Is, Why It Was Invented, and How It Fits the LLM Landscape

A foundational walkthrough of Retrieval-Augmented Generation — what it is, why standalone LLMs need it, and how it compares to fine-tuning and search.

Aug 3, 2026 9 min read Read article →
Python

Polymorphism in Python: Method Overriding, Duck Typing, Operator Overloading, and Runtime Dispatch

Learn Python polymorphism with practical examples covering method overriding, runtime method resolution, duck typing, operator overloading with magic methods, and object-oriented programming (OOP) best practices for writing flexible, scalable applications.

Jul 23, 2026 9 min read Read article →
Python

Inheritance in Python: Types, Method Resolution Order, super(), and Best Practices

Learn Python inheritance with practical examples covering parent-child classes, super(), method overriding, MRO, multiple and hierarchical inheritance, and object-oriented programming (OOP) best practices for writing maintainable, scalable applications.

Jul 23, 2026 9 min read Read article →
Python

Data Abstraction in Python: Concepts, Abstract Base Classes, and Real-World Implementation

Learn Python data abstraction with practical examples covering abstract classes, the abc module, @abstractmethod, abstraction vs encapsulation, and object-oriented programming (OOP) best practices for writing maintainable, scalable applications.

Jul 23, 2026 9 min read Read article →